Wind and solar companies were already bracing for Congress to end federal subsidies. But the Senate bill goes even further and penalizes those industries.
The repeal of federal subsidies alone could cause wind and solar installations to plummet by as much as 72 percent over the next decade, according to the Rhodium Group, a research firm.
Republican leaders barely scaled a key procedural hurdle to bring up the bill, but Democrats delayed its consideration and it was unclear whether the G.O.P. had the votes to pass it.
G.O.P. leaders in the Senate are trying to quickly pass the legislation and send it to the House for final approval in time to meet the July 4 deadline that President Trump has set.