With so much turmoil in the world at the moment, it’s always great to meet enthusiastic physicists celebrating all that their subject has to offer. That was certainly the case when I travelled with my colleague Tami Freeman to the 2025 Celebration of Physics at Nottingham Trent University (NTU) on 10 April.

Organized by the Institute of Physics (IOP), which publishes Physics World, the event was aimed at “physicists, creative thinkers and anyone interested in science”. It also featured some of the many people who won IOP awards last year, including Nick Stone from the University of Exeter, who was awarded the 2024 Rosalind Franklin medal and prize.

Stone was honoured for his “pioneering use of light for diagnosis and therapy in healthcare”, including “developing novel Raman spectroscopic tools and techniques for rapid in vivo cancer diagnosis and monitoring”. Speaking in a Physics World Live chat, Stone explained why Raman spectroscopy is such a useful technique for medical imaging.

Nottingham is, of course, a city famous for medical imaging, thanks in particular to the University of Nottingham Nobel laureate Peter Mansfield (1933–2017), who pioneered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In an entertaining talk, Rob Morris from NTU explained how MRI is also crucial for imaging foodstuffs, helping the food industry to boost productivity, reduce waste – and make tastier pork pies.

Still on the medical theme, Niall Holmes from Cerca Magnetics, which was spun out from the University of Nottingham, explained how his company has developed wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) sensors that can measures magnetic fields generated by neuronal firings in the brain. In 2023 Cerca won one of the IOP’s business and innovation awards.

Richard Friend from the University of Cambridge, who won the IOP’s top Isaac Newton medal and prize, discussed some of the many recent developments that have followed from his seminal 1990 discovery that semiconducting polymers can be used in light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

The event ended with a talk from particle physicist Tara Shears from the University of Liverpool, who outlined some of the findings of the new IOP report Physics and AI, to which she was an adviser. Based on a survey with 700 responses and a workshop with experts from academia and industry, the report concludes that physics doesn’t only benefit from AI – but underpins it too.

I’m sure AI will be good for physics overall, but I hope it never removes the need for real-life meetings like the Celebration of Physics.

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Andrew Martin, skills policy lead at the UK’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT), flashed up a slide. Speaking at the ninth Careers in Quantum event in Bristol last week, he listed the eight skills that the burgeoning quantum-technology sector wants. Five are various branches of engineering, including electrical and electronics, mechanical, software and systems. A sixth is materials science and chemistry, with a seventh being quality control.

Quantum companies, of course, do also want “quantum specialists”, which was the eighth skill identified by Martin. But it’s a sign of how mature the sector has become that being a hotshot quantum physicist is no longer the only route in. That point was underlined by Carlos Faurby, a hardware integration engineer at Sparrow Quantum in Denmark, which makes single-photon sources for quantum computers. “You don’t need a PhD in physics to work at Sparrow,” Faurby declared.

Quantum tech certainly has a plethora of career options, with the Bristol event featuring a selection of firms from across the quantum ecosystem. Some are making prototype quantum computers (Quantum Motion, Quantinuum, Oxford Ionics) or writing the algorithms to run on quantum computers (Phasecraft). Others are building quantum networks (BT, Toshiba), working on quantum error correction (Riverlane) or developing quantum cryptography (KETS Quantum). Businesses building hardware such as controllers and modems were present too.

With the 2025 International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ) now in full swing, the event underlined just how thriving the sector is, with lots of career choices for physicists – whether you have a PhD or not. But competition to break in is intense. Phasecraft says it gets 50–100 applicants for each student internship it offers, with Riverlane receiving almost 200 applications for two summer placements.

That’s why it’s vital for physics students to develop their “soft skills” – or “professional skills” as several speakers preferred to call them. Team working, project management, collaboration and communication are all essential for jobs in the quantum industry, as indeed they are for all careers. Sadly, many physicists don’t realize soon enough just how crucial soft skills are.

Reflecting on his time at Light Trace Photonics, which he co-founded in 2021, Dominic Sulway joked in a panel discussion that he’d “enjoyed developing all the skills people told me I’d need for my PhD”. Of course, if you really want to break into the sector, why not follow his lead and start a business yourself? It’s a rewarding experience, I was told, and there doesn’t seem to be any slow-down in the number of quantum firms starting up.

• For more information on career options for physicists, check out the free-to-read 2025 Physics World Careers guide

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